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Neoplasm (Tumour) – Common Types of Neoplasm Components of Tumours

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Neoplasm (Tumour)  - Common Types of Neoplasm Components of Tumours

Neoplasm

Means new growth and the new growth produced is called Tumour and Neoplasm. Neoplasm is amass of tissues formed as a results of abnormal excessive, unco ordinates, autonomous and purposeless proliferation of cells.

Types of Neoplasm and Tumour

  • Benign Tumour
  • Malignant Tumour

Benign Tumour – When tumour are slow growing and localized without causing much difficulty to the host genigntumour have suffix – oma.

Malignant Tumour – Is proliferates rapidly spreads throughout the body and may eventually causes death of host malignant is commonly know as cancer.

Two basic Components of all Tumours are - 

Parenchyma – Its is comprised by proliferating tumor cells, Parenchyma determine the nature of the tumor.

Supportive Stroma – It is composed of fibrous connective tissues and blood vessels. Its provided framework on which parenchymal tumour cells grow.

Tumours Classified as -

  • Mixed
  • Teratomas
  • Blastomas

Characteristics of the Tumour -

  • Rate of growth
  • Clinical Features
  • Microscopic Features
  • Direct Spread
  • Distant Spread

Mechanism of Cancer Development -

  • Activation of Oncogenes
  • Suppression of Apoptotic Genes
  • Inhibition of Tumour Suppressor Genes

Activation of Oncogenes – Transforming virus – infect host cells – proto oncogenes – oncogenes – cancer.

Pathophysiology of Cancer Tumour and Neoplasm Types

Pathophysiology of Cancer Tumour and Neoplasm Types

Pathophysiology of Neoplasm and Tumour

Ionization , Radiation causing agents

 ⇓

Cells without p53

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No DNA repair

 ⇓

No Cell cycle arrest

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Mutated Cells 

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Un Controlled division

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Cancer

Defense Mechanism Against Tumour

  • Tumour Antigens –  TSA (Tumour Specific Antigen, Tumour Associated Antigen (TAA), Antitumour Effector Mechanism and Immunosurveillance
  • Antitumour Effector Mechanish
  • Immunosurveillance

Clinical Fetaures of Tumours and Neoplasm -

  1. They effects of tumour on host.
  2. Cancer Cachexia
  3. Paraneoplastic syndrome
  4. Grading of tumour

Diagnosis of Tumours – Histological Methods, Cytological Methods, Immuno Histochemistry, Electron Microscopy, Biochemical Assays.

 


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